Alexandra Kukulka, Chicago Tribune, 14 Sep. 2022 The two Park Forest residents were taken to Franciscan Health in Olympia Fields and later transferred to a regional trauma center. 2022 Others may need a complex operation, for which a transfer to a level 1 trauma center is needed. 2023 Vassy said the application to make the Northeast Georgia Medical Center a Level 1 trauma center has been years in the making. 2023 Part of the plan involves having a Level 1 trauma center - designed to address the most serious medical emergencies - active in each home market. 2023 Hamlin was treated on the field by team and independent medical personnel and local paramedics, the NFL said, and he was taken by ambulance to University of Cincinnati Medical Center, a level 1 trauma center. Dr Choi thanks the Neil and Claudia Doerhoff fund for support of his scholarly activities.Recent Examples on the Web AT&T Stadium is in Arlington, which does not have a Level 1 trauma center. Additionally, we thank David Medeiros, MA, and Stace Maples, MSc (Stanford Geospatial Center), for their assistance with the ArcGIS and Open Streetmap Premium data set these individuals received no compensation for their contributions. Dr Choi and Ms Karr were co–first authors.Īcquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Choi, Karr, Jain, Harris, Chavez.ĭrafting of the manuscript: Choi, Jain, Harris, Chavez.Ĭritical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Karr, Chavez, Spain.Īdministrative, technical, or material support: Karr, Chavez, Spain.Ĭonflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.Īdditional Contributions: We thank the American Trauma Society and Calspan–University of Buffalo Research Center for granting access to the TIEP and ADAMS databases, respectively. The Supplement details methodology.Īccepted for Publication: April 26, 2022.Ĭorresponding Author: Jeff Choi, MD, MSc, 300 Pasteur Dr, H3591, Stanford, CA 94305 ( Contributions: Dr Choi had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. This study did not meet Stanford University institutional review board review criteria. A 2-sided P < .05 defined statistical significance. We used R version 4.1.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing) for statistical analyses. Secondary analysis delineated trauma center access by ground vs air medical transport, state, and trauma center levels (I-II vs I-IV) using descriptive statistics. Access trends throughout 2013-2019 were evaluated using the Mann-Kandall test. Primary outcome was the proportion of US residents with 60-minute access to a trauma center. 4 Air transport time included call-to-takeoff time (national average, 3.5 minutes 5), flight time from nearest air base to census block group population centroid, on-scene time (national average, 21.6 minutes 5), and flight time to the nearest trauma center. For air transport time, we found geographic coordinates for air bases with 1 or more trauma transport rotor-wing aircraft using the Atlas & Database of Air Medical Services (2013-2019). Ground transport time included call-to-ambulance arrival time (national median, 7 minutes 3), on-scene time (10 minutes National Association of State Emergency Medical Services benchmark), and time from census block group population centroid to the nearest trauma center (accounting for road-specific speed limits and historic traffic data). We calculated fastest travel time (ground or air) from each census block group’s population centroid to the nearest trauma center. We obtained the proportion of residents within each census block group (the smallest geographic census unit, typically comprising 600-3000 individuals) using American Community Survey data (2013-2019). Three states (Washington, Pennsylvania, and Mississippi) did not have ACS-COT–verified trauma centers in the study period. We found ACS-COT verification levels and addresses of US trauma centers using the Trauma Information Exchange Program database (2013-2019) and encoded their geographic coordinates using Google Geocoding, ArcGIS, and MapQuest application programming interfaces. Level I trauma centers are tertiary centers with 24-hour capability for definitive trauma care, while level IV trauma centers can provide initial evaluation and resuscitation before providing appropriate transfers. The ACS-COT verifies trauma center levels based on the presence of resources to provide optimal care for injured persons. Shared Decision Making and Communication.Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine.Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment.Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience.Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography.
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